ice storms happens in a lot of places An increase in the level of disturbance and a higher availability of dead and weakened trees positively affected bark beetle populations.

var currentLocation = window.location; At the moment Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is best known for being the place where “acid rain” was first detected. A new index hopes to more clearly communicate the risk from ice storms. }, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Field and Maintenance technician Gabe Winant measures ice accumulation during a field test Feb. 19. Unless you’re a certain kind of scientist, that is; then they’re fascinating in a scary sort of way. Ice storms are everybody’s least favorite type of winter weather. objLink.LinkClass = "mycapturelink"; Windthrows often occur on smaller surfaces than ice storms , but ice storms of this magnitude are rare (Nagel et al., 2016). © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. objLink.IsAboveImage = false; Maybe one day it will be known as the home of the Ice Measurement Tree. To drive a car or small pickup on ice you need at least 8 to 12 inches of ice. It goes from a beautiful, mesmerizing experience to absolutely terrifying in the space of four to five hours,” she said. Large-scale disturbances in forests are becoming more frequent due to a changing climate. objLink.IsAboveImage = false; It is therefore important to gain an understanding of the drivers of forest pest outbreaks in epidemic situations after large-scale disturbances and the implications for forest management.

var photocredit = "'' 'Icicles hang from an “ice tree” used to develop better ways of measuring ice accumulation during storms at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest near Woodstock.

var currentheadline = document.getElementById("headline").innerText; For medium-sized trucks, there must be at least 12 to 15 inches. The area was bought in 1955 by the United States Forest Service to do studies on an entire ecosystem. The effects of a large-scale ice storm event on the drivers of bark beetle outbreaks and associated management practices. objLink.PageTitle = currentheadline; That sort of push for certainty is the reason that Hubbard Brook Forest exists in the first place. Teams have been creating artificial ice storms at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest for several years to better understand their damage and impact.

Photos courtesy of Clara Chaisson / Hubbard Brook Forest. Ice storm affects drivers of bark beetle outbreaks. 19. Removal of dead trees alone is insufficient for preventing bark beetle outbreaks. objLink.LinkClass = "mycapturelink"; if (photocredit.indexOf(sellablestring) > -1) { objLink.PageTitle = currentheadline; objLink.IsAboveImage = false; Scientists at Hubbard Brook will track this “simulated ice storm over time and compare the results to nearby undisturbed sites to learn about the short- and longer-term effects of ice storms on a northern hardwood forest.” Photo courtesy of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. After the ice storm, the amount of sanitary felling because of outbreaks increased in areas with more steeper slopes, where the ice storm took place. Spruce trees were either uprooted or snapped, or the crown was lightly to severely damaged. objLink.LinkContent = " » Buy this Image"; “When you first start doing the icing, with the sprayer slowly going back and forth, coating dowels or trees, it’s sparkling, it’s tinkling – … objLink.BackText = "Go back to the Concord Monitor"; The ineffectiveness of current practices suggests that bark beetle management should be reconsidered with regard to large-scale disturbances. var objLink = new myC_Remote.BuyLink(); ... How about emergency management, utilities?”. An increase in the level of disturbance and a higher availability of dead and weakened trees positively affected bark beetle populations. Outbreaks were potentiated by the increasing amount of spruce. objLink.Credit = "'Photos courtesy of Clara Chaisson / Hubbard Brook Forest '"; }, The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock is seen Feb. 19. var photocredit = "'' 'The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock is seen Feb. var currentLocation = window.location; objLink.LinkClass = "mycapturelink"; Mixed stands should be promoted in forests for sustainable management. }, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Site Manager Ian Halm sprays water over a series of test “trees” Feb. 19 as part of an experiment to develop better methods of measuring ice accumulation during storms. For ice fishing, ice skating and walking, you need 4 inches or more of ice. var photocredit = "'Photos courtesy of Clara Chaisson / Hubbard Brook Forest ' 'Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Field and Maintenance technician Gabe Winant measures ice accumulation during a field test Feb. objLink.Render();

objLink.Render(); Icicles hang from an “ice tree” used to develop better ways of measuring ice accumulation during storms at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest near Woodstock. var photocredit = "'Photos courtesy of Clara Chaisson / Hubbard Brook Forest' 'Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Site Manager Ian Halm sprays water over a series of test “trees” Feb. 19 as part of an experiment to develop better methods of measuring ice accumulation during storms. objLink.LinkClass = "mycapturelink"; objLink.LinkTarget = "_blank";

The outbreaks under endemic situations were potentiated by the increasing amount of spruce and reduced by increasing slope. A country-wide survey was done on the variables affecting ice storm damage to spruce trees. objLink.BackText = "Go back to the Concord Monitor"; Last week teams created their latest artificial ice storm. var photocredit = photocredit.toUpperCase(); Photos courtesy of Clara Chaisson / Hubbard Brook Forest if (photocredit.indexOf(sellablestring) > -1) {

Ice storms form when a layer of warm air gets sandwiched between two layers of cold air above and below. Twenty-four little “trees” were arrayed in a pattern, some made of wood some aluminum, some wire, with “branches” at three different angles and three different diameters and covered with different surfaces.

But as is so often the case with weather and climate these days, there’s an alarming subtext: Our best predictive modeling says that ice storms are just going to get more dangerous with climate change. Trump says he and first lady tested positive for coronavirus, Read the full transcript of the first presidential debate, Concord police identify victims in Route 106 fatal crash, After 20 days in the woods, it was time for Leo to rest, Youth mental health program stalled as children fill emergency departments. The removal of dead trees alone in the first year after the ice storm was found to be an insufficient measure for preventing bark beetle outbreaks. var currentLocation = window.location; objLink.LinkTarget = "_blank"; A lot of those measurements you hear reported are somebody’s friend, cousin or uncle who happens to call in,” Rustad said. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Over the years more than 100 Ph.D. theses have been based on work at Hubbard Brook while more than 1,500 research papers have come out of here on topics ranging from nitrogen leaching to the life of ground beetles to the decay rates of bark. We investigated the influence of drivers on the bark beetle outbreaks following a large-scale ice storm in 2014 in Slovenia. The data is being crunched to determine which material and design most accurately reflected the water that fell, and which measuring system is best. var sellablestring = "MONITOR STAFF"; var objLink = new myC_Remote.BuyLink(); Microwave emi… if (photocredit.indexOf(sellablestring) > -1) {

“One thing we found is that we do need to come up with a way to measure the icicles,” Rustad said. When defining measures against bark beetle outbreaks, drivers in epidemic situations should be prioritized over those that are important in endemic situations. Spruce trees were either uprooted or snapped, or the crown was lightly to severely damaged. How should forest managers respond, should they be thinning the forest in different ways? objLink.PageTitle = currentheadline; Removal of dead trees alone is insufficient for preventing bark beetle outbreaks. Additionally, the influence of the drivers of bark beetle attacks on outbreak intensity was assessed and compared under epidemic and endemic situations, and the effectiveness of forest management measures was assessed. Mixed stands should be promoted in forests for sustainable management. Measurements of sea ice concentration (the local fraction of ice covered ocean) are inferred from satellite observations of thermal microwave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. '"; It was much less alarming than the tree-breaking tests of past winters, and it may produce something that I’ll be able to use in my own yard. objLink.BackText = "Go back to the Concord Monitor"; The removal of dead trees alone in the first year after the ice storm was found to be an insufficient measure for preventing bark beetle outbreaks. After the ice storm, the amount of sanitary felling because of outbreaks increased in areas with more steeper slopes, where the ice storm took place. The ineffectiveness of current practices suggests that bark beetle management should be reconsidered with regard to large-scale disturbances. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. objLink.Notes = "From this page " + currentLocation; objLink.Notes = "From this page " + currentLocation; White or “snow” ice is only about half as strong as new, clear ice. Snow forms in the upper cold zone, which then melts as it … var photocredit = photocredit.toUpperCase();

Ice storms have a major impact on our daily lives. var sellablestring = "MONITOR STAFF"; objLink.PageTitle = currentheadline; Cascading biotic disturbances have an increasing impact in forestry. }. objLink.Credit = "''"; Ice storms are everybody’s least favorite type of winter weather. Additionally, the influence of the drivers of bark beetle attacks on outbreak intensity was assessed and compared under epidemic and endemic situations, and the effectiveness of forest management measures was assessed. Biotic disturbances can have cascading effects and therefore have a significant economic impact in forestry. var photocredit = photocredit.toUpperCase(); The results imply that the known factors that affect bark beetle attacks are not necessarily the same as those that drive bark beetle attacks after extraordinary disturbance events. var currentheadline = document.getElementById("headline").innerText; (That awkward name means Collaborative Community Rain Hail Snow network.) objLink.Credit = "''"; “We don’t expect a change in location or how frequently they happen, but we do expect a change in intensity. var objLink = new myC_Remote.BuyLink(); objLink.Notes = "From this page " + currentLocation; objLink.IsAboveImage = false; The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock is seen Feb. 19. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Site Manager Ian Halm sprays water over a series of test “trees” Feb. 19 as part of an experiment to develop better methods of measuring ice accumulation during storms. Outbreaks were potentiated by the increasing amount of spruce. objLink.LinkContent = " » Buy this Image"; var photocredit = photocredit.toUpperCase(); We have to be prepared,” she said. objLink.LinkTarget = "_blank"; “We had workshops at Hubbard Brook ... and learned there really is no consistent way to measure ice. They are likely to get more serious – more ice,” she said. '"; Ice storm affects drivers of bark beetle outbreaks. It is therefore important to gain an understanding of the drivers of forest pest outbreaks in epidemic situations after large-scale disturbances and the implications for forest management.

var sellablestring = "MONITOR STAFF"; “Instead of being ice storm chasers, we would bring them to our backyard laboratory,” said Rustad, who has been overseeing various field experiments at Hubbard Brook since 1997. For snowmobiles and ATVs, you need at least 5 inches. Developed by Sid Sperry, director of public relations, communications and … objLink.Notes = "From this page " + currentLocation;