We are in the middle of a global transformation, the painful construction of a global market economy. Unlike the proletariat class of industrial workers in the 20th century who lacked their own means of production and hence sold their labour to live, members of the precariat are only partially involved in labour and mu… Свидетельство регистрации СМИ ЭЛ № ФС 77 – 68134 от «21» декабря 2016. ?>. The rise of the precariat.

It is time for politicians and the international community to respond, or to step aside and let others do so. Shrinking everywhere, there is no reason to wish to revive a society in which this way of living is the norm. The second group are nostalgics. This means, among other things, that net income is well below gross income.

This is documented in A Precariat Charter. Guy Standing, Research Professor in Development Studies, University of London.

The abrupt volte-face by the chancellor, Philip Hammond, over his proposal to increase National Insurance contributions (NIC), a week after announcing it as a cornerstone of his 2017 Budget, would have been keenly watched (and a sense of anguish perhaps shared) by tax policy makers around the world. It would be churlish to blame them. It leads to the most crucial feature. The abrupt volte-face by the chancellor, Philip Hammond, over his proposal to increase National Insurance contributions (NIC), a week after … о Elie Hatem "Que faut il penser des sanctions contre la Russie?

All this shaped a global class structure superimposed on old national structures. “But right now,” says Ravin Jesuthasan, managing director and global practice leader at business advisory Willis Towers Watson, “I don’t think any government has figured out how to deal with the shrinking tax base as work leaves. This is the first of a three-part series exploring the effects of global capitalism on modern workers by Guy Standing, author of The Precariat. Calculated over a few months, they would be worse off taking such jobs. The rewards include higher income, and autonomy and task diversity. For a while, the progressives opted out of mainstream politics, reflected in declining voter turnouts and so on. Encouraging entrepreneurialism: which countries are making it easier to be self-employed, and which ones are restricting it? Феминизм и постгуманизм, Дебаты Трамп-Байден: полная версия на английском, Дебаты Трамп-Байден - с русским переводом, К 2030 году Россия войдет в круг азиатских стран нового мироуклада, Политика Д. Трампа в Латинской Америке: итоги и перспективы. The term is a portmanteau obtained by merging precarious with proletariat. Also, I know that experienced accountants who do what we do are in high demand.”. And arguably it’s an extension of the problems we had with outsourcing, because work left the UK and the US, moved over to India or China and that further shrank the tax base, which makes it harder for governments to keep reskilling people in order to be relevant.”.

The atavists supported Brexit and have flocked to the far right everywhere. Yet people’s desire for self-employment, linked to flexible working and lifestyle choices at more senior professional levels, and necessity due to fewer permanent roles or needing supplemental income at lower levels, means there is pressure on the tax base, with the self-employed Class 4 NIC contribution (9%) lower than that for people who are employed (12%).

Neil Johnson investigates the ramifications of this new way of working. First, it has distinctive relations of production. The norm was stable full-time labour, with entitlements tied to performance of labour.

But while such demand for experienced professionals is driving people to seek greater work flexibility and personal satisfaction through entrepreneurial projects or as self-employed service providers, the other end of the spectrum is more precarious. The precariat’s second dimension is distinctive relations of distribution, its structure of social income. While some countries, through fiscal and labour policy, and pro-entrepreneurial culture, appear to be encouraging self-employment, the real enabler is technology: digital job marketplaces, which connect workers and clients across borders, and the ability for people to find and service clients over the internet and using the cloud. Not only would they face that high marginal tax rate but they would also face the prospect of having to apply and wait all over again. With volatile uncertain earnings, they are constantly on the edge of unsustainable debt.

You can read the second installment, a debunking of the cornerstones of free-market capitalism, here. if (isset($row['field_autor']) && $row['field_autor']=='') $row['field_autor']=l('KATEHON.COM', '/'); It consists of people who go to college, promised by their parents, teachers and politicians that this will grant them a career. Recognizing their supplicant status, mostly they keep their heads down politically.

The growing gig economy, composed of self-employed, flexible and entrepreneurial workers, is presenting world governments with a slew of issues.

This is surely concerning news for all involved.

Global freelancing platforms such as Upwork, which has around 13 million registered users worldwide, with the US the largest base, also has huge user bases in India, China and Malaysia. On International Youth Day, adults should remember that young people aren't just the future – they are heavily involved in changing our present for the better too.

It is not an under-class; global capitalism wants a workforce with its core characteristics.

$img=l($row['field_image'], 'node/'.$row['nid'], array('html' => TRUE)); And while transnational cooperation to protect the self-employed and secure tax bases may appear a step too far in the light of Trump’s protectionism, Brexit’s confusion and Hammond’s inability to enact a tax bump, it’s likely that self-employment growth will continue unabated and precariously in the digital playground.

They feel they do not have what their parents or peers had. “What we’re finding around the world is that it’s very easy for companies to take a piece of work, deconstruct it and distribute parts of it anywhere in the world,” says Jesuthasan.

Another unique feature is that the precariat must do much work-for-labour that is neither recognized nor remunerated.

Growing self-employment is a tangible phenomenon. Ultimately, the world’s countries and regions are all experiencing a transition in their workforces and they’re all at different stages of this transition. It is degrading and stigmatizing. Similarly, the US is highly amenable, with innovation in Silicon Valley an outlier for entrepreneurial activity and the country’s ease of access to capital. Also, prohibitive levels of red tape are off-putting in a number of countries, including Brazil.