Martha also wrote about the deaths of some of her own children, instances of domestic abuse in her community, and the pressure to run a household while pursuing her livelihood in midwifery (which sometimes meant traveling miles in inclement weather, through the backwoods of Maine, by herself). Even before the Civil Rights Movement, though, African American men and women made significant contributions, despite society’s limitations. Dr. Bosley's active role in professional societies, as well as her impressive scholarly and technical output, left a powerful legacy to the field of public health. Ballard herself had to deal with a number of grievances, including ignorance from male doctors. Walker (from her husband’s name) to promote her products. and Ph.D., she worked as a research associate in the Department of Food and Nutrition at ISU until she was appointed faculty in 1961. Actually, Beachey is hardly unsung in the literal sense — his final flight became the subject of a popular rope-skipping rhyme from the 1920s, uncovered by the fine folks at Radiolab in their fantastic recent episode on loops. Dr. Bosley was born March 11, 1908 in Mannington, West Virginia and studied at Western College, Simmons College, and Columbia University, where she earned her PhD in 1944. -Submitted by: Steve Duckworth, Historical Collections & Archives, Oregon Health & Science University, February 2017. “You can pray until you faint, but if you don’t get up and try to do something, God is not going to put it in your lap,” she said, before concluding, “I don’t want to hear you say, ‘Honey, I’m behind you.’ Well, move, I don’t want you back there. You can unsubscribe at any time. Read more about George Washington, here in the TIME Vault. They might single out the freedom of speech or religion, or the right to bear arms, or prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. The cloth badge was in the form of a purple heart. She carried this expertise into her golden years, where she continued to practice medicine and was one of the pioneers of the smallpox inoculation. The co-authors were William Scher, J.G. When the Revolutionary War began, he formed a unit of sharp-shooting frontiersman from Virginia and then marched them 600 miles in 21 days to Massachusetts without losing a man. Morgan’s Hair Refiner. As a pioneer in the field of public health nutrition, Dr. Bosley was often able to establish new programs without hindrance of pre-established policies and processes, and she worked directly with the populations she served, often traveling to remote areas of North Carolina, the American West, and Latin America to educate and train citizens and health workers alike. Having seized the ship, the O’Briens then led a group of their neighbors in an attack on a British navy schooner, forcing it to surrender in what is considered the first American naval victory of the Revolutionary War, even though there wasn’t even an American navy yet. From his first eating houses along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad to his eventual Harvey House empire of restaurants, lunch rooms, dining cars, hotels, and souvenir shops, the cunning entrepreneur and marketer inspired the iconic Judy Garland musical The Harvey Girls (which might, in fact, disqualify him from the “unsung” game) and embodied the spirit that makes America America. Peter Francisco? While working with sewing machines in his tailor shop in 1909, Morgan discovered a lubricating oil solution that straightened hair fibers. She received a Distinguished Service Award in 2012. Married four times, he lived for awhile in a Boston homeless shelter and was apparently run out of Providence Rhode Island for vagrancy. Afric-American Female Intelligence Society, Maria W. Stewart: America’s First Black Woman Political Writer, Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America, Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. She complied — while quietly removing their weapons with the help of her daughter. She was the second Japanese American nurse in the country to complete the Cadet program. To find more videos about African American contributions to society, visit Studies Weekly’s YouTube channel. A pretty tough cookie, she refused to be swayed from her pursuit of gender equality, even when she was excommunicated from her church and abandoned by her husband, who, fearing debtor’s prison, fled to the West Indies (he ended up dying there a few years later). According to one neighbor, their house “thronged with company.”. And yet Justice Stephen Field delivered a dissent in Fong Yue Ting v. U.S. (1893) that bears repeating today. degree in botany. According to The History Project, Middleton built and inhabited a house with a close male friend by the name of Louis Glapion. They were able to clear out the town quickly, and by the time the Bloody Scouts arrived in the morning, there was nobody to attack. When he stepped on campus to enroll in classes in 1962, he was blocked, and riots broke out. In 2001, Forten was included by scholar Molefi Kete Asante as one of the 100 greatest African Americans. Charlotte Cramer Sachs’s inventive and entrepreneurial life spanned nearly the entire twentieth century, two continents, and involved the world of commerce, invention, music, poetry, and art. That was good enough proof to help cement Hart’s place in American Revolution history — and convince the folks in Georgia they were justified in naming a county after her — the only one of the state’s 159 counties named after a woman. After the war, he was appointed a federal customs collector in his home port of Machias Maine. Brain Pickings has a free Sunday digest of the week's most interesting and inspiring articles across art, science, philosophy, creativity, children's books, and other strands of our search for truth, beauty, and meaning. Only Bissell wasn’t really a deserter; he was a spy. At one point, Martin wrote, “A cannon shot from the enemy passed directly between her legs without doing any other damage than carrying away all the lower part of her petticoat. The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee: Native America from 1890 to the Present. © 2019 Studies Weekly - All Rights Reserved. In 1986, Garcia was awarded the Amoco Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award. At first glance, her diary seems pretty dry—it’s basically a record of the more than 800 births she attended to over the course of her employment—but upon further inspection, it’s a pretty amazing glimpse into the challenges facing the early inhabitants of the colonies. Link to finding aid: Guide to the Charlotte Cramer Sachs Papers, -Submitted by  Alison Oswald, Smithsonian Institution. 10 Unsung Heroes of the American Revolution By Steve Wiegand Here are quick looks at ten ordinary Americans who did extraordinary things during the American Revolution : Joseph Plumb Martin, Molly Pitcher, James Forten, Daniel Morgan, Roger Sherman, Nancy Hart, Jeremiah O’Brien, Daniel Bissell, Salem Poor, and Deborah Sampson. His business prospered, and he became a leading figure in the pre-Civil War abolitionist movement. In 1956 she was elected President of the American Statistical Association, and in 1975 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Hays did not see action again, but was given a veteran’s pension by the state of Pennsylvania before she died in 1832. The month of July is a time for Americans to look back at the country’s past—specifically to that indelible moment in 1776 when the Second Continental Congress declared independence from Britain. And okay, he isn’t completely unsung: There are statues of him in two different states and a county and national security school named after him. Millions of rural people eagerly subscribed to daily newspapers and monthly magazines once RFD made it affordable, and the mail-order catalogs that came through the post put some of the luxuries of urban life within reach of rural families: wrist watches, French lace, electric toasters. With that in mind, TIME asked 15 experts to each nominate an unsung moment from American history. But criticism of her and the medical school was so robust that Dr. Blackwell decided to pursue her postgraduate education in Europe, where she decided to train as a surgeon. He played key roles in working out the compromises that won approval for the Constitution and served in both houses of Congress before his death in 1793. American actress Linda Blair on the set of The Exorcist, Warner Bros. Pictures/Corbis via Getty Images, President Trump and First Lady Test Positive For Coronavirus, Amazon: Nearly 20,000 Workers Test Positive For Coronavirus, Alarming Data Shows Possible Third Wave of COVID-19, Sign up to receive the top stories you need to know now on politics, health and more, © 2020 TIME USA, LLC. Born in New Jersey in 1736, Morgan got his nickname “Old Wagoner” from driving supply trains. PS: A great-great-great grandson, Archibald Cox, would serve as a special federal prosecutor who helped bring down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon in 1973–74 — which probably would have been okay with Cox’s ancestor: Sherman once said that the presidency was “nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the Legislature into effect.”. Beachey was early to the mechanics game — he opened his own bicycle shop at the age of 13, graduated to repairing motorcycle by 15, and eventually made his way to the emerging and glamorous world of aviation as a dirigible pilot. Dr. Numann was also the first woman to serve as chair of the American Board of Surgery (1994-2002) and was a founding member and President (1985-1986) of the Association for Surgical Education.