Muhammad Shah amassed an army to attack them, with his son Humayun Khan as the commander-in-chief.

As he and his favorite son Mahmud Khan were returning from Lakhnauti to Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's eldest son Ulugh Khan schemed to kill him inside a wooden structure (kushk) built without foundation and designed to collapse, making it appear as an accident.

1. Thereafter, Firuz Shah sought and followed Sharia more than ever, with the help of his wazirs. Ross Dunn (1989), The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century, University of California Press, Berkeley, Agha Mahdi Husain (1963), Tughluq Dynasty, Thacker Spink, Calcutta, Bihamadkhani, Muhammad (date unclear, estim. The Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq died in 1388 AD.

[57] The few soldiers who returned with bad news were executed under orders of the Sultan. The Tughlaq dynasty (Ṭughlāq or Arabic script: طغلاق ) also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. I, II, III, Hakluyt Society, Cambridge University Press, London, pp 693-709.

[44]One result of the transfer of the elite to Daulatabad was the hatred of the nobility to the Sultan, which remained in their minds for a long time. The civil war continued under Sultan Muhammad Shah, and by 1390 AD, it had led to the seizure and execution of all Muslim nobility who were aligned, or suspected to be aligned to Khan Jahan II.

He established a charity bureau called Diwan-i-Khairat for the help of poor persons, widows and or phans and through which pecuniary help was distributed for the marriage of poor Muslim girls. In AD 1351, sultan was attacked with fever while chasing the rebels in Sind and died near Tattah.

This included cutting people in half, skinning them alive, chopping off heads and displaying them on poles as a warning to others, or having prisoners tossed about by elephants with swords attached to their tusks. Historic documents state that the Sufi preacher and Ulugh Khan had learnt through messengers that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq had resolved to remove them from Delhi upon his return. [39] Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in March 1351[2] while trying to chase and punish people for rebellion and their refusal to pay taxes in Sindh (now in Pakistan) and Gujarat (now in India).[50].

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq succeeded in this campaign. 3. Required fields are marked *. [68] As punishment, wrote the Sultan, he put many Shias, Mahdi and Hindus to death (siyasat). He knew both Arabic and Persian and had comprehensive knowledge of philosophy, astronomy, logic, mathematics and physical science. Ibn Batutah was a traveller from Morocco. In his first reform, he replaced the old gold and silver coins weighing 175 grains by new coins. Sultan Muhammad Shah attacked Hindus rebelling near Delhi and southern Doab in 1392, with mass executions of peasants, and razing Etawah to the ground. [2] Other court historians such as 'Afif record a number of conspiracies and assassination attempts on Firoz Shah Tughlaq, such as by his first cousin and the daughter of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. The peasants revolted in the doab. [2] Firuz Shah Tughlaq is credited with patronizing Indo-Islamic architecture, including the installation of lats (ancient Hindu and Buddhist pillars) near mosques.

In 1320, Ghazi Malik launched an attack with the use of an army of Khokhar tribesmen and killed Khusro Khan to assume power.[9][26]. Delhi Sultanate Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyids Dynasty, Lodi Dynasty Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 – 1414) Founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Laid foundation of Tughlaqabad near Delhi Killed by his own son “Ulugh khan” who ascended throne under the name of Muhammad – bin – tughlaq in 1325 Muhammad – Bin – Tughlaq (ill-starred Idealist) Known for his 3.

Its rule was marked by torture, cruelty and rebellions, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the dynasty's territorial reach after 1335 AD. 6. [79], Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan Muslim traveller, left extensive notes on Tughlaq dynasty in his travel memoirs. [75], Tartar Khan installed a second Sultan, Nasir-al-din Nusrat Shah in Ferozabad, few kilometers from the first Sultan seat of power in late 1394. At the time of Muhammad bin Tughlaq's death, the geographic control of Delhi Sultanate had shrunk to Vindhya range (now in central India). He himself fell ill in 1384.

[1][8], The dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. [80] He noted the 7 year famine from 1335 AD, which killed thousands upon thousands of people near Delhi, while the Sultan was busy attacking rebellions. Tughlaq Dynasty in hindi for upsc student. [57] For Khurasan attack, a cavalry of over 300,000 horses were gathered near Delhi, for a year at state treasury's expense, while spies claiming to be from Khurasan collected rewards for information on how to attack and subdue these lands. [72] The Islamic historians Sirhindi and Bihamadkhani provide the detailed account of this period. Revolts against Muhammad bin Tughlaq began in 1327, continued over his reign, and over time the geographical reach of the Sultanate shrunk particularly after 1335.

Thereafter, Muhammad bin Tughluq's 45-year-old nephew Firuz Shah Tughlaq replaced him and assumed the throne.

For example.

Later the Sultan ordered him to return to court, which the holy man refused to do. Later, several measures were taken by the Sultan.

[38] Many became robber clans. Samuel Lee (translator), Ibn Battuta - The Travels of Ibn Battuta: in the Near East, Asia and Africa, 2010, James Brown (1949), The History of Islam in India, The Muslim World, Volume 39, Issue 1, pages 11–25, Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526) By Satish Chandra pg.210, William McKibben (1994), The Monumental Pillars of Fīrūz Shāh Tughluq. [63], An educated sultan, Firoz Shah left a memoir. Feroz Shah Kotla remains next to the Feroz Shah Kotla Cricket Stadium.

Even the amount he did manage to collect, he paid nothing to Delhi. [51], Muhammad bin Tughlaq was an intellectual, with extensive knowledge of Quran, Fiqh, poetry and other fields. [15] Another Tughluq's court poet Amir Khusrau in his Tughluq Nama makes no mention of Tughluq's arrival in India from a foreign-land, which seems to imply he was born in India. [80] For example, Ibn Battuta mentions Sheikh Shinab al-Din, who was imprisoned and tortured as follows: On the fourteen day, the Sultan sent him food, but he (Sheikh Shinab al-Din) refused to eat it. His rule lasted 37 years. 18.

Your email address will not be published. [76], The lowest point for the dynasty came in 1398, when Turco-Mongol[77][78] invader, Timur (Tamerlane) defeated four armies of the Sultanate. [12] The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta states that Tughluq belonged to the "Qarauna tribe of the Turks", who lived in the hilly region between Turkestan and Sindh, based on the claim of a Sufi saint Rukn-e-Alam. Ibn Battuta arrived in India through the mountains of Afghanistan, in 1334, at the height of Tughlaq dynasty's geographic empire. The man was arrested, tortured in the most horrible way, then beheaded. Nearly all his 10,000 soldiers perished in 1333 and were forced to retreat. He has left an invaluable account of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq's reign. Her father refused the marriage proposal as well. 91-109, This page was last edited on 2 October 2020, at 14:30. The Tughlaq's provided three competent rulers – Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad-bin- Tughluq and Firuz Shah Tughluq. He was the son of Rajab by his Bhatti wife, who was the daughter of Abuhar chief, Rana Mall. Vincent A Smith, The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Oxford University Press, Chapter 2, pp 236-242. By then, Muslim nobility who had installed Firuz Shah Tughluq to power in 1351 had died out, and their descendants had inherited the wealth and rights to extract taxes from non-Muslim peasants. 4. Timur defeats the Sultan of Delhi, Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah yesha in the winter of 1397-1398, ابو بکر خان ابن ظفر خان ابن فتح خان ابن فیروز شاہ. [39] However, Hindus closed the passes through the Himalayas and blocked the passage for retreat. In Tughlaq dynasty, the punishments were even given to those people who were of Muslim religion, and were suspected as a rebellion. He raised the land revenue in the Doab and imposed many other taxes. [20], The Khalji dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate before 1320.

UPSC IAS 2020 Exam: Click here to get the Complete 30 Days Study Plan to score high in Prelims. Important Rulers of the Tughluq Dynasty. "[56], Muhammad bin Tughlaq planned an attack on Khurasan and Irak (Babylon and Persia) as well as China to bring these regions under Sunni Islam. The Tughlaqs were a Muslim family of Turkic origin. He undertook many infrastructure projects including an irrigation canals connecting Yamuna-Ghaggar and Yamuna-Sutlej rivers, bridges, madrasas (religious schools), mosques and other Islamic buildings. 12. [50] By 1347, Bahmanid Sultanate had become an independent and competing Muslim kingdom in Deccan region of South Asia. [61] Both Ibn Battuta and the Sufi Muslim were arrested. He also indirectly acknowledged the independence of the Balmani king by receiving embassy from him. Kangra's Prithvi Chand II defeated the army of Muhammad bin Tughluq which was not able to fight in the hills. This reduced the competent men and has negative impact on the army. [87] Ibn Battuta also records that Muhammad Tughlaq sent along with his emissaries, both slave boys and slave girls as gifts to other countries such as China. [2], After Muhammad bin Tughluq died, a collateral relative, Mahmud Ibn Muhammad, ruled for less than a month. 10. However, Bengal did not fall, and remained outside of Delhi Sultanate. [34][36], Ziauddin Barni, a historian in Muhammad bin Tughlaq's court, wrote that the houses of Hindus became a coin mint and people in Hindustan provinces produced fake copper coins worth crores to pay the tribute, taxes and jizya imposed on them.