This ocean is covered by an ice crust that has formed where water is exposed to the cold of space.

More than fifty years ago large telescopes were used to estimate their sizes, and a careful series of measurements of their light variation showed that all four always keep the same face pointed toward Jupiter, just as our Moon always turns the same face toward Earth. In 1892 E. E. Barnard, an American astronomer, found a much smaller fifth satellite orbiting very close to the planet, and between 1904 and 1974 eight additional satellites were found far outside the orbits of the Galilean satellites. Europa, approximately the same size as our Moon, is the brightest Galilean satellite. For the first time, humans had seen the moons of another world. Volcanic eruptions had never before been observed on a world other than Earth. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Callisto takes just over two weeks to orbit once around Jupiter. Estos son predominantemente griegos, a excepción de los satélites naturales de Urano, que llevan el nombre de personajes de Shakespeare. In honor of their discoverer, these four bodies would become known as the Galilean satellites or moons. Volcanic activity on this satellite is the result of tidal flexing caused by the gravitational tug-of-war between Io, Jupiter, and the other three Galilean moons. Europa's core is made of rock that sank to its center. Un satélite natural es un cuerpo celeste que orbita alrededor de un planeta. Algunos estudios estiman que hasta un 15 % de todos los objetos transneptunianos podrían tener satélites. Like Europa, the other two Galilean moons, Ganymede and Callisto, are worlds of ice and rock. But Galileo might have happily traded this honor for one look at the dazzling photographs returned by the Voyager spacecraft as they flew past these planet-sized satellites. the moon of the Earth) or artificial satellites (e.g. Del mismo modo, en el siguiente grupo de tamaño de nueve satélites naturales, entre 1000 y 1600 km de diámetro —Titania, Oberón, Rea, Jápeto, Caronte, Ariel, Umbriel, Dione y Tetis—, el más pequeño, Tetis, tiene más masa que todos los satélites menores restantes juntos. Io's pizza-colored terrain, marked by orange and yellow hues, is probably the result of sulfur-rich materials brought to the surface by volcanic activity. SCIENCE FICTION SPACE TECHNOLOGY HOME PAGE.

Thus the two outer Galilean satellites were thought to represent a new kind of solar system object, as large as one of the terrestrial planets, but composed in large part of ice. * Because they are so large, the Galilean satellites have attracted the most attention from astronomers.

Callisto and Ganymede have densities only half as large, far too low to be consistent with a rocky composition. Sin embargo, las imágenes específicas tomadas por la nave espacial Cassini no detectaron ningún anillo asociado a Rea. In honor of their discoverer, these four bodies would become known as the Galilean satellites or moons. Callisto is the most heavily cratered object in the solar system; no activity during its history has erased old craters except more impacts. The second place was occupied by Saturn with 62 satellites, followed by the ice giants Uranus (27), Neptune (14) and the dwarf planet Pluto (5). Generalmente el satélite es más pequeño y acompaña al planeta en su órbita alrededor de su estrella madre. Jupiter," NASA SP-439, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1980, pp. Its albedo is much higher than that of Callisto, or of the rocky planets such as Mercury, Mars, or the Moon. En la columna de la derecha se recogen a efectos comparativos algunos planetas notables, planetas enanos, asteroides y otros objetos transneptunianos. Earth. The outer eight were named for lovers of Jupiter: Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, and Sinope. For the first time, humans had seen the moons of another world. Además, los anillos sospechosos se cree que serían estrechos,[3]​ un fenómeno que normalmente se asocia con lunas pastor.

It orbits the planet in 42 hours, half the period of Europa. Technically, the term natural satellite could refer to a planet orbiting a star, or a dwarf galaxy orbiting a major galaxy, but it is normally synonymous with moon and used to identify non-artificial satellites of planets, dwarf planets, and minor planets. The outer satellites are quite faint and presumably no more than a few tens of kilometers in diameter, and all have orbits that are much less regular than those of the five inner satellites. * Callisto, the outermost Galilean satellite, is larger than the planet Mercury. Mercury The planet closest to the Sun; devoid of atmosphere, heavily cratered and marked by extreme variations in temperature (-300°F to 800°F). Before Voyager, identification of the surface material on Io presented a major problem to planetary astronomers. The following is a list of some of the major planetary moons, including those of the dwarf planet Satellite is a celestial body, that circulates around the planet, dwarf planet or planetoid. * Ganymede, which requires only seven days for one orbit, is the largest satellite in the Jovian system, being only slightly smaller than the planet Mars. The satellite is composed of about 50 percent water or ice and the rest rock. The Voyager cameras identified at least nine active volcanoes on Io, with plumes of ejected material extending as far as 280 kilometers (175 miles) above the moon's surface. Sputnik 1). A continuación sigue un cuadro comparativo que clasifica los satélites naturales en el sistema solar por su diámetro. Orbital radius (average) The Moon. Detailed studies of all the Galilean satellites will be performed by the Galileo Orbiter. However, its color in the visible and ultraviolet part of the spectrum is not that of ice, so some other material must also be present. Natural satellite. Este fenómeno permitió en algunos casos el descubrimiento de planetas extrasolares. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. El punto más elevado de la órbita del satélite se conoce como apoápside. Until recently, Jupiter was the champion in the number of known satellites in the solar system – it has 79 satellites open. [4]​, También se ha propuesto que Japeto, satélite de Saturno, poseía un subsatélite en el pasado; esta es una de varias hipótesis que se han propuesto para dar cuenta de su cresta ecuatorial.[5]​.

* All four Galilean satellites orbit within the magnetosphere of Jupiter; in contrast, our Moon lies well outside the terrestrial magnetosphere.

Theorists suggested that electric currents flowing between the satellite and the planet might be responsible for this effect. * For nearly three centuries after their discovery in 1610, the only known moons of Jupiter were the four large Galilean satellites. Its surface reflects about sixty percent of the incident sunlight, and the infrared spectrum shows prominent absorptions due to water ice; Europa appears to be almost entirely covered with ice. Los diecinueve cuerpos lo bastante masivos como para haber alcanzado un equilibrio hidrostático están en negrita en la tabla siguiente. Which of these objects is the farthest from the Sun? En los planetas y planetas enanos del sistema solar se conocen 181 satélites, distribuidos: Los planetas Mercurio y Venus no tienen ningún satélite natural, como tampoco tiene el planeta enano Ceres. El criterio habitual para considerar un objeto como satélite es que el centro de masas del sistema formado por los dos objetos esté dentro del objeto primario. Además de los satélites naturales de los planetas, hay también más de 80 satélites naturales conocidos de planetas enanos, asteroides y otros cuerpos menores del sistema solar. Esta página se editó por última vez el 30 sep 2020 a las 19:34. Continued observations showed, however, that this was not an atmosphere in the usual sense of the word. A diferencia de los fragmentos que orbitan formando un anillo, es el único cuerpo en su órbita. Por extensión se llama lunas a los satélites de otros planetas. No se conocen lunas de lunas (satélites naturales que orbitan alrededor de un satélite natural de otro cuerpo). The inner two, Io and Europa, both have densities about three times that of water, nearly the same as the density of the Moon, or of rocks in the crust of the Earth. Only when Io is at certain places in its orbit are these strong bursts detected. * Io, innermost of the Galilean satellites, is the same size as our Moon.

(NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, "Our Solar System at a Glance," NASA Information Summaries, PMS 010-A (JPL), June 1991.). A natural satellite or moon is a celestial body that orbits a planet or smaller body, which is called the primary.

384,000 km. * In 1973 the attention of astronomers was dramatically drawn to Io when Robert Brown of Harvard University detected the faint yellow glow of sodium from the region of space surrounding it. Clasificación de los satélites en el sistema solar, Tamaño de los satélites naturales en el sistema solar, Anexo:Cronología del descubrimiento de los planetas del sistema solar y sus satélites naturales, Comparación de satélites naturales por tamaño, «The Dust Halo of Saturn's Largest Icy Moon, Rhea – Jones, «Saturn satellite reveals first moon rings – 06 March 2008 – New Scientist», «Cassini imaging search rules out rings around Rhea - Tiscareno - 2010 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library», «How Iapetus, Saturn’s outermost moon, got its ridge», https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satélite_natural&oldid=129687335, Wikipedia:Artículos con enlaces externos rotos, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores AAT, Licencia Creative Commons Atribución Compartir Igual 3.0. Striking evidence of the interaction of the satellites and the magnetosphere was provided when it was found that the innermost large satellite, Io, actually affects the bursts of radio static produced by Jupiter. Caught in a gravitational tug-of-war like Io, Europa has been heated enough to cause its interior ice to melt‹apparently producing a liquid-water ocean. It seemed that this satellite had an atmosphere, composed of the metal sodium!

Los siete satélites naturales más grandes del sistema solar (con más de 2500 km de diámetro) son las cuatro lunas galileanas jovianas—Ganímedes, Calisto, Io y Europa—, la luna de Saturno Titán, la propia Luna de la Tierra, y el satélite natural capturado de Neptuno Tritón. Io. Also, the subtle gravitational perturbations they exert on each other were used to determine the approximate mass of each.

Los satélites naturales de los planetas tienen nombres de figuras mitológicas. En el sistema solar se puede clasificar los satélites como: Puesto que todos los satélites naturales siguen su órbita debido a la fuerza de gravedad, el movimiento del objeto primario también se ve afectado por el satélite. Los planetas y satélites menores sospechosos, pero no probados de haber logrado un equilibrio hidrostático, están en cursiva en el siguiente cuadro. Satellite of. * When the sizes and masses of these satellites were measured, astronomers could calculate their densities. In 1971 astronomers first measured the infrared spectrum of reflected sunlight from Ganymede and found the characteristic absorptions of water ice, indicating that this satellite is partially covered with highly reflective snow or ice. Jupiter Satellites. * Europa, which is slightly smaller than the Moon, circles Jupiter in half the time required by Ganymede. Tritón, el más pequeño de ese grupo, tiene más masa que todos los satélites naturales restantes más pequeños juntos. 1.0 km/s. Sin embargo, cálculos realizados después de la detección reciente[2]​ de un posible sistema de anillos de Rea (satélite natural de Saturno) indican que los satélites que orbitan Rea tendrían órbitas estables.