[22], Municipal emissions were calculated in 2020 excluding industry, construction, aviation and foreign shipping. [20], Year 2017 climate gas emissions compared to 1990 were in Helsinki - 24%, Espoo + 8%, Vantaa +2% and Kauniainen -9%. Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe claimed that due to its stake in Uniper, Fortum is involved in energy production that is linked to hundreds of premature deaths annually in Europe and sets back efforts to slow climate change. International climate change emission statistics ignore construction emissions which may distort development. [47] In most European countries the fuel for planes is tax free, also in Finland. The objective of the project was to develop the capacity of the local actors to ensure the disruption-free provision of the key public services they are responsible for (like social services and healthcare, education, rescue and technical services) in all exceptional situations, which often include weather related extreme circumstances like storms, floods or heavy snowfalls. While climate change is making practical aspects such as the prediction of weather or animal migration more difficult, it also highlights the importance of traditional knowledge for adaptive capacity building in other areas e.g. The focus is on polar and alpine snow and especially the glacier ice cover over both shorter and longer time scales. [19], Although becoming increasingly autonomous, Greenland remains dependent on the Kingdom of Denmark since its colonisation in 1721. The vegetation of Finnish Lapland is especially sensitive to disturbances such as logging and overgrazing by domesticated reindeer. Other adaptation strategies or action plans: By the end of 2012, 16 out of 18 regions had published climate strategies, which included some recognition of adaptation as well. The Association of Local and Regional Authorities (AFLRA) implemented the project KUJA - The continuity management of municipalities in 2014-2016. p. 6, The Government of Greenland: Greenland's oil and Mineral strategy 2014-2018, available under, 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, "Greenland | History, Geography, & Culture", "The Threats of Climate Change and Global Warming", "As Greenland Melts, Where's the Water Going? This is equal to one air travel to Mallorca and back. mineral extraction), This page was last edited on 20 September 2020, at 16:16. The study was part of the implementation process of the ARAF (Arctic Resilience Action Framework) and the preparation for the 1st Arctic Resilience Forum during Finland’s Chairmanship in the Arctic Council in 2017–2019. Winters will become cloudier and solar radiation will decrease. (eds.) Regarding the climate change expenses, the Polluter Pay-principle has been neglected in Finland at least until 2011. [9] Recorded shifts were primarily driven by the search for resources (of e.g. The twelve fields of actions (main elements) in the climate change adaptation plan are the following: Adaptation has been included in the national climate and energy strategies (2005, 2008, and 2013), as well as in the revised national energy and climate strategies (2005, 2008, 2013, and 2016). According to Statistics Finland. [13] According to statistics Finland in 2018 population was 5,518 people. Finland is a member of the European Union. Drafting of regional and local adaptation studies is promoted. [67], With warmer temperatures, winter precipitation may fall as rain to a greater extent than at present day, which could decrease the snow cover depth and lead to icy surfaces, hindering movement and change the aesthetics of the landscape. A study conducted by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), a working group of the Arctic Council, distinguishes between short-term and long-term adaptation measures, as well as climate-centered and vulnerability-centered options. The law stipulates that the Government approves long-term and short-term strategic mitigation and adaptation plans. The webportal has, since January 2015, had around 3,000 weekly visitors. The plant will use planted eucalyptus forests as raw material. [7] The government is financially dependent on Denmark which provides 60% of Greenland's annual budget revenue. Thereby Finland lost €63 million tax revenues in 2012. Adaptation has been integrated into the planning and activities of the various sectors and their actors. Finland's biggest energy firm, Fortum, became the largest owner of a heavily-polluting German company Uniper. It gained further rights in 2009, which moved Greenland towards self-rule. Adaptation classification (adaptation levels) was used both in the mid-term evaluation of the implementation in 2008-2009 and in the 2013 broader assessment of the strategy. The Ministry of the Environment nominated the Finnish Climate Panel for a second two-year period in 2014. Uniper and Datteln is an example how national CO2 -emission data is distorted. Climate Programme for Finnish Agriculture – Steps towards Climate Friendly Food. The project has also aimed to decrease the vulnerability of Finnish society to a changing climate and increase its adaptive capacity. Finland has approved Kyoto protocol. The Energy and Climate Programme of The Finnish Defence Forces - objectives and measures (2014, updating in 2018-2019). "[11] The anticipated warming of the oceans and resulting sea level rise[12] result in coastal erosion, melting of permafrost and decreased sea ice thickness. The actors have access to the necessary climate change assessment and management methods. As new industries are accompanied by new job opportunities and potential wealth, lifestyles are changing. [16] Historically, the movement of people and the accompanying change of social conditions is nothing unusual for Greenlanders. [9] The Greenland ice sheet is the second largest in the world. The Finnish government supports nuclear energy by allocating the majority of the risks, accident costs and nuclear waste costs to the tax payers. [23] For example, aviation was not included in evaluation. Heavy rainfall events will intensify in summertime. Examples of open data include the flood maps and wind atlas. The first policy document guiding climate change adaptation, Finland's National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change, was published in 2005. E.g. In April 2019 according to police 10,000 people marched for climate peace in Helsinki. The EU has set a goal in the 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference of a legally binding 40% drop in emissions by 2030, using 1990 levels of carbon output as a baseline.. Uniper and Finland do not report foreign based emissions in Finland. Will they promote global warming?[26]. Several of the funded research projects have also included aspect of adaptation to climate change, e.g., BlueAdapt and FORBIO. It is linked to the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and the University of Greenland, Ilisimatusarfik.[25]. Due to its geographical location and global climatic patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation and volcanic activity,[8] Greenland is exposed to high levels of fluctuations in the natural environment. "[16] Following extensive stakeholder dialogues, the report identified seven themes of local adaptation: The report concludes that it is crucial to consider the cumulative and cascading effects of change in order to build adaptive capacities. Climate warming emissions of construction was not taxed in Finland in January 2020. [1][4] Rising temperatures put increasing pressure on certain plant and tree species[5] and contribute to Greenland's melting ice sheet. City planning: Vulnerability of cities to flash floods and heat island effects EAKR-ILKKA (2011-2014). The Swedish aviation emissions are in total approximately equal to the emissions from the Swedish passenger vehicle traffic. The projected increase in precipitation is substantial as well. Water: designating flood-prone areas and flood maps (work has been carried out and made publicly available, and further research on water management is being done, for example, as part of the research project ClimWater, which is part of the Finnish Research Programme on Climate Change (FICCA)); the impacts of climate change scenarios (ProDOC) are also being studied. [16], Besides potential for tourism development which comes with numerous challenges, in south Greenland the melting ice provides more grazing opportunities for farmers. In 2018 there was zero new installed wind power in Finland to replace coal. The workbook provides a collection of tools and best practices, and reports on the impacts of climate change and how to implement the adaptation activities. [15] This number is expected to decline to 54,800 by 2030. According to UNEP peatlands are the main carbon storage and their protection is one of the main issues in the climate change mitigation.