Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins: an expanded and updated international cohort study.
2013; Khanjani et al. If exposure to pesticides contributed to the development of breast cancer, one would be more likely to observe this relation in such a population because of their potentially higher exposure than the general population and the availability of specific information on pesticide use and demographic and lifestyle factors collected prior to disease diagnosis. ‡ Each pesticide exposure was examined in a separate model adjusted for age (<40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years) and race (White and other). Although ever use of insecticides overall was not associated with breast cancer risk, risk was elevated among women who had ever used the organophosphates chlorpyrifos [HR=1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.0)] or terbufos [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.1)], with nonsignificantly increased risks for coumaphos [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 0.9, 2.5)] and heptachlor [HR=1.5 (95% CI: 0.7, 2.9)]. due to the complexity of the information being presented. While several other pesticides cause mammary tumors in rodents (26–29) or exhibit properties in vitro that may be related to breast cancer etiology (30–33), there has been little epidemiologic research on the relation of these compounds to breast cancer risk. Serum organochlorine levels and breast cancer: a nested case-control study of Norwegian women. Iowa needs wise, service-oriented leaders and representatives.

Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, et al.

Menopausal status and family history of breast cancer have not been observed to modify the associations between organochlorine insecticides and breast cancer risk in most studies that examined this (1, 5–8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16–18, 20–24). Risk estimates were similar when we adjusted for only demographic factors (i.e., reducing possible overfitting of models). In addition, 23,676 wives (74%) completed a 5-y follow-up telephone interview (Figure 1). Because the women in this cohort provided only information on ever/never use for individual pesticides and our data suggested that they tended to handle fewer and less toxic pesticides for fewer numbers of years and days per year than the men (50), comparisons of the consistency of risk estimates related to the wives’ use versus the husbands’ use or Iowa versus North Carolina focused primarily on the direction, not the magnitude, of observed associations.

Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, 2004.

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Quest JA, Fenner-Crisp PA, Burnam W, et al. Associations with ever use of fonofos by the husband appeared to differ by menopausal status [premenopausal HR=0.6 (95% CI: 0.3, 1.4); postmenopausal HR=1.5 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.2); pinteraction=0.04] (see Table S7). . DDE and DDT in breast adipose tissue and risk of female breast cancer. Growing up on a farm was not related to breast cancer risk. Warner M, Eskenazi B, Mocarelli P, et al. These are, however, exposures that are integral to the use of pesticides and not extraneous to it. Belpoggi F, Soffritti M, Guarino M, et al. However, reliability of recall of pesticide use by farmers in this cohort is comparable to that for other factors typically studied in epidemiologic research, such as tobacco use and diet (86). In contrast, a case–control study among Hispanic female farm workers observed an increased risk of breast cancer in relation to chlordane, malathion, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure (Mills and Yang 2005). (More detailed tables can be found at http://www.aghealth.org.)

Selected characteristics of farmers’ wives at enrollment, Agricultural Health Study, 1993–1997. USA.gov. 1996; Franceschi et al. Breast cancer risk in relation to adipose concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Long Island, New York. However, there was little consistency between associations for direct and indirect exposures. Two-year oral chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats of diets fumigated with methyl bromide. In a prospective cohort study, such misclassification would tend to attenuate risk estimates and flatten exposure–response relationships (Blair et al. Stellman SD, Djordjevic MV, Britton JA, et al.

The authors examined the association between pesticide use and breast cancer incidence among farmers' wives in a large prospective cohort study in Iowa and North Carolina. In addition, we were unable to assess risk associated with the women’s lifetime cumulative use of individual insecticides because, although quantitative use information was collected for the postenrollment period, only ever/never use was assessed for the preenrollment period. † RR, rate ratio; CI, confidence interval; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; dichlorvos, 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethylphosphate; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4,5-TP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid.

There is also no waiting period for coverage to begin. Wiklund K, Dich J. ‡ All factors were adjusted for the other factors in the table, except where indicated. To be paid by the next day, the claim must be submitted by 3 p.m.


One questionnaire elicited information on the wives’ farm exposures and general health (“spouse enrollment questionnaire”), while the other focused on their reproductive health history (“female and family health questionnaire”). Participants were 30,454 women with no history of breast cancer prior to cohort enrollment in 1993-1997. ABC transporter mutations in Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) do not result in altered susceptibility to selected small molecule pesticides. 2016; Wiklund and Dich 1994). We stratified analyses by state primarily to investigate consistency of direction, rather than of magnitude, of associations between states. 1999), although one study (Duell et al.

Established environmental and genetic risk factors for breast cancer do not explain a large proportion of the ∼247,000 cases diagnosed annually in the United States (Siegel et al. Settimi L, Comba P, Carrieri P, et al. Other indirect pesticide exposures may result from spray drift, contaminated drinking water, or handling of items contaminated in or near areas of pesticide application. 2020 Jul 13;17(14):5030. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145030. Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Huang HY, et al.

We performed all analyses using SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and the subsequent development of breast cancer. Wolff MS, Toniolo PG, Lee EW, et al. All pesticide exposure information for this study was obtained at cohort enrollment. ‡ Each pesticide exposure was examined in a separate model adjusted for age (<40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years), race (White and other), and state of residence (Iowa and North Carolina). In 2020, 42,170 women will die of breast cancer in the United States alone, and 90% of those deaths will result from metastatic disease, which is cancer that has spread from the breast to the bones, lungs or other parts of the body. The present study follows up on a previous investigation of pesticide use/exposure and breast cancer risk among wives of farmers in the large, prospective Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort (Engel et al.

A cancer insurance plan won’t cover non-cancer medical care, such as vaccines or wellness visits.

Critical care coverage may also be added by policy rider, which covers heart attack, stroke or heart bypass surgery, and is available to policyholders up to age 65.

The corresponding risk estimates for 2,4,5-TP use were 1.5 (95 percent CI: 0.7, 3.5) and 4.7 (95 percent CI: 2.2, 9.6) (p for trend < 0.001), which were similar in both states. Cancer insurance works in conjunction with your health insurance plan. We also performed pesticide-specific exposure-response analyses in which participants were categorized either as nonexposed or by tertile/median of nonzero exposure to each pesticide (i.e., either none, low, medium, or high or none, low, or high, depending on the number of exposed subjects) on the basis of their husbands’ cumulative use of the pesticide (number of years of use of the pesticide × average number of days per year on which the pesticide was used).