Retrieved 7 February 2017.

The Turks form 74% of the Muslim community in Bulgaria, with most other Muslims being Pomaks. This was very much the result of disappointed hopes for a full restoration of Turkish power south of the Balkan range. A large number of the arrested protesters were later sent to the "Belene labour camp" at the gates of which it is written "All Bulgarian citizens are equal under the laws of the People's Republic of Bulgaria"[116], One of the most notable confrontations between the ethnic Turk population and the Bulgarian State Security apparatus and army was in the village of Yablanovo during January 1985 where the Turkish population resisted the tanks of the 3rd Bulgarian Army for 3 days. In early 1990, the MRF protested vigorously but unsuccessfully its exclusion from national round table discussions among the major Bulgarian parties. The leader of the movement, Ahmed Dogan, was imprisoned in 1986. [67] The figure of refugees is uncertain too, Professor Richard Crampton estimates it as an exodus of 130,000–150,000 people of whom approximately half returned for an intermediary period encouraged by the Congress of Berlin in 1878,[68] while Dr. Hupchick claims that the refugees were 500,000.

[116], On 25 December 1984, close to the town of Benkovski, some 3,000 Turkish protesters from the nearby smaller villages confronted Bulgarian security forces and demanded to have their original identification papers back.

The wounded from bullets attempted to seek help from hospitals but were refused medical treatment. List of victims of the Holocaust for Jannina (from the web). [58] The Commission points out the burning of 80 Muslim villages after signing the armistice and a number of other war crimes against the Muslim civilian population. Deportations in both directions occurred throughout the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. In 1891 the Minister of Finance reported to the Subranie that there were 26,315 vacant plots in the country, many of them in the north-east and most of them under twenty dekars in extent. 80% were Turks and Pomaks. During the name-changing phase of the campaign, Turkish towns and villages were surrounded by army units. This community is of Turkish ethnic consciousness and differs from the majority Bulgarian ethnicity and the rest of the Bulgarian nation by its own language, religion, culture, customs, and traditions. Turkish refugees from Eastern Rumelia in 1885. Judging from the wounds of the dead and wounded the police and security force had been aiming at the midsection of the bodies. Founded in 1990 to represent the interests of the Turkish ethnic minority, the MRF gained twenty three seats in the first parliamentary election that year, giving it the fourth-largest parliamentary voting bloc. In the south-west there was much more tension and violence. [110] Apart from these violent episodes, the long-term policy was expressed in various other facts: for example, Turkish-language publications were closed down one by one, and by 1981 only a single newspaper (Yeni Işık ) survived, until it ceased to be published in 1985. Bulgaria: A Country Study. The colonization policies already begun under Orhan were continued by his successors Murat I (1360–84) and Bayezit I (1389–1402). The temperature that day was minus 15 degrees Celsius.

Densely populated Turkish colonies were established in the frontier regions of Thrace, the Maritsa and the Tundzha valleys. It won in the elections in 2001 7.5% of the vote and 21 out of 240 seats. During the years the number of Turkish newspapers and publications published in the Principality of Bulgaria rose to 90. Being the dominant group in the Ottoman Empire for the next five centuries, they played an important part in the economic and cultural life of the land. [19] The haplotypes of the Turks from Bulgaria as converted to haplogroups make up the following frequencies: J2 (18%), I2 (13%), E (13%), H (11%), R1a (10%), R1b (8%), I1 (6%), J1 (6%), G (6%), N (5%), Q (3%). But abrogation of Zhivkov's assimilation program soon after his fall brought massive protests by ethnic Bulgarians. BORIS Борис m Bulgarian, Russian, Slovene, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Czech, Slovak, Georgian, German. Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989), "В Корница не искат извинения за възродителния процес : : Novinar.bg", "България | ДПС и НДСВ почетоха жертвите на преименуването", Улрих Бюксеншютц (2000) Малцинствената политика в България. That most of the larger Turkish owners and many smaller ones left Rumelia was undoubtedly an important factor in the easy attainment of Bulgarian supremacy in Rumelia during the early 1880s. Possible settlement in the pre-Ottoman period, From Liberation to Communist Rule (1878 to 1946), Migration and Expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey, Collapse of Zhivkov regime and civil liberties given to Turks, Turkish names of cities, towns, villages and geographical locations, Distribution of Turkish dialects in Bulgaria. A Turkish name for a girl that means fulfilled wish. The explanation cited was that the newspapers were disseminating Kemalist (i.e. At the end of 1984 an underground terrorist[149] organization called the National Liberation Movement of the Turks in Bulgaria was formed in Bulgaria which headed the Turkish community's opposition movement and is responsible for several terrorist acts such as one at the train station at Bunovo which was targeted at a train killing 6 civilians and wounding 9. The new regime however nationalised the schools and took them under state control. [142], These conditions forced the government to find a balance between Turkish demands and demonstrations for full recognition of their culture and language, and some Bulgarians' concerns about preferential treatment for the ethnic minority. During the protests in May, the Turkish population effectively abandoned their workplaces in the industrial and agricultural sector. Temin: A Turkish name for a boy that means to make safe. Turkish refugees from the Tirnova district coming into Shumla.

Turkish columnists such as Hasip Saffeti, Ahmet Aytuna, Hafiz Ismail Hakki, Yahya Hayati, Hüsmen Celal, Çetin Ebuşinasi and Hasan Sabri were household names in Deliorman. Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989)", Навършват се 24 години от терористичния атентат на Централна гара в Пловдив. "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa ", Cornwall, Great Britain 1996, pp.104–105, Михаил Груев, Алексей Кальонски, Възродителният процес: Мюсюлманските общности и комунистическият режим, Сиела – София: Институт за изследване на близкото минало, 2008, Eminov, Ali: Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities of Bulgaria, 1997, pp.92, Dr. Dainov, Evgenii: "Transition, Violence and the Role of NGOs: the Case of Bulgaria", Драгостинова, Жанина, "Кръвта от 1984 г. или защо в Момчилград има шведски граждани" e-vestnik.bg, Драгостинова, Жанина, "Кръвта от 1984 г. или защо в Момчилград има шведски граждани" www.epochtimes-bg.com, ХАЛИФ, Омар, ЦАНКОВА, Диана: "Апокрифната Ябланска епопея: Българи и турци заедно се възправиха срещу диктатурата на Тодор Живков II" www.sedembg.com, Бюксеншютц, Улрих: "Малцинствената политика в България.

This increase took place while a large number of Bulgaria's Turkish-speaking inhabitants were emigrating. A nonsignificant test suggests that FST should be preferred or when there is high gene flow within populations, FST calculations are based on allele identity, it is likely to perform better than counterparts based on allele size information, the method depends on mutation rate, sometimes can likely provide biased estimate, but RST will not perform necessarily better. In the second dialect, used near Kurdzhali, the forms are; -værin, -væsin, -væri.[163][164]. The only two remaining bi-lingual journals Yeni Işık and Yeni Hayat were printed in Bulgarian only. According to its own historiography the OPT emerged due to pressure from ordinary Bulgarian citizens who were outraged by the fact that the MRF was allowed to participate in the 1990 elections.

Bulgarian Turks have produced perhaps the most substantial amount of literature in the Turkish language outside Turkey.

Ottoman Empire used colonization as a very effective method to consolidate their position and power in the Balkans. [citation needed], In May 1989, there were disturbances in regions inhabited by members of the Turkish minority. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017.

According to this data 31.7% are aged up to 29 years and 3.9% are aged 60 and over. under Bulgarian control until 1919. However, no procedure has been developed to date for testing whether single-locus RST and FST estimates are significantly different. According to the 2011 census in Bulgaria, there are 588,318 persons from the Turkish ethnic group or 8.8% of all ethnic groups,[32] of whom 564,858 pointed Turkish as their mother tongue. In June 1984, the Politburo voted a policy named "For the further unification and inclusion of Turks into the cause of socialism and the policies of the Bulgarian Communist Party".

The electricity to the village was cut. The government had been encouraging the educated Turks to voluntarily adopt Bulgarian names. Numerous Turkish colonists were settled as farmers in new villages. [154], Over 3200 locations in Bulgaria are also known by some Turks in their Turkish names.[155]. ABADJIEV Абаджиев Bulgarian Patronymic name derived from the Turkish word aba "coat". At the 2005 elections it increased to 12.8% of vote and 34 out of 240 seats and kept in power as a part of the coalition led by the BSP and NDSV party.

"Turkish and other Muslim minorities in Bulgaria", 1997, ROUTLEDGE, New York, pp.30–31, ENGİN DENİZ TANIR.

Turks settled in the territory of modern Bulgariaduring and after the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. [99] In 1947, even an "affirmative action"-like policy was implemented, as Turkish minority members were accepted to higher education institutions without an entrance examination; such practices would continue in later years, as special efforts were made to further the active involvement of Muslims in the Communist Party and in the political life of the country; but this special treatment may have been motivated also by the hope that such integration could encourage their cultural assimilation as well. [65] NYT 23 November 1877. With 120,000 members, the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF) was the fourth largest political organization in Bulgaria in 1991, but it occupied a special place in the political process.
In the multiparty election of 1990, the Turks won representation in the National Assembly by twenty-three candidates of the predominantly Turkish Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF). [unreliable source?] Most known writers in Rodop were Mustafa Şerif Alyanak and Ömer Kaşif Nalbandoğlu. Because radical elements of the Turkish population did advocate separatism, however, the non-annexation provision of the compromise was vital.

All Turks had been registered with Slavic names, Turkish was forbidden in public and the mosques abandoned. The newspaper was also printed by Maullimi Mehmet Mahri and Halil Zeki Bey. [34] They form a majority in the province of Kardzhali (66.2% Turks compared to 30.2% Bulgarians) and a plurality in the province of Razgrad (50.0% Turks compared to 43.0% Bulgarians). Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989), p.105, Terrorism Yesterday – netinfo.bg, 27.02.2007 (in Bulgarian), "България | Доган и Костов в битка за малцинствата – Капитал", "The population growth and distribution of the foreign-borns in Turkey, Türkiye'de yurtdışı doğumlu nüfusun gelişimi ve dağılışı", "Българските турци-преселници в Р Турция (култура и идентичност). [88], With the outbreak of war some Turks sold their property, mostly to wealthy local Bulgarians.